Key Performance Indicators Influencing Bank Profitability: an Empirical Analysis

This study investigates the key performance indicators influencing the profitability of 47 Indonesian banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. Employing purposive sampling, the research compares the performance of 9 public and 38 private banks, analyzing the impact of bank-specific factors such as size, debt, capital adequacy, loan risk and macroeconomic variables include inflation and interest rates on profitability metrics. Findings reveal that loan risk, debt, and size positively influence ROA for all banks and private banks, while larger banks experience shrinking NIM. Public banks benefit from strong capital adequacy and debt levels, leading to improved NIM. Notably, interest rate hikes positively impact ROA, ROE, and NIM across all banks, highlighting the role of higher lending returns in enhancing profitability. However, increased bank size negatively affects NIM, suggesting potential inefficiencies in scaling operations. Public banks with robust capital adequacy experience significant NIM growth, indicating investor preference for well capitalized institutions. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between bank specific and macroeconomic factors shaping Indonesian bank profitability, emphasizing the distinct impacts on public and private institutions and contributing valuable insights to the existing literature.